Causes of Eczema in Babies
Eczema occurs in genetically predisposed children who have impaired epidermal barrier function and immune dysfunction (2). Changes in weather, such as cold, dry air during winter, can strip the skin of its natural moisture, leading to dryness and irritation. Over-bathing or using hot water can also further dry out the skin, making it prone to AD. Additionally, dust particles, pet dander, certain fabrics, or harsh soaps and detergents can irritate the skin and trigger flare-ups. If there is a history of this condition in the family, the child is more likely to develop eczema.
How to care for the skin of a child suffering from eczema
Caring for a child with eczema involves a preventive approach to avoid triggers and maintain healthy skin. Here are some key steps:
1. Bathing routine: As per the IAP guidelines, a regular, short bath (5-10 minutes) once a day in warm (27-30°C) water is sufficient (3). Avoid hot water as it can dry out the skin. After the bath, gently pat dry the baby’s skin with a soft towel rather than rubbing it.
2. Cleaning: Use a gentle, soap-free, pH-balanced liquid cleanser that is specifically designed for sensitive skin conditions like eczema. Cleansers should be free of harsh chemicals, fragrances, parabens, and phthalates to avoid further irritation. Choose products with soothing ingredients like colloidal oatmeal, known for its skin-protective properties, and provitamin B5 that helps keep skin smooth, soft, and healthy.
3. Moisturizing: It is recommended to use a preservative-free, hypoallergenic moisturizer containing ingredients such as colloidal oatmeal, ceramides and natural lipids immediately, frequently and liberally. Applying a moisturizer within 3 to 5 minutes after bathing helps lock in moisture and protect the skin barrier. Reapply moisturizer regularly, every 4-6 hours or more often if skin feels dry.
4. Selection of fabric and clothing: Dress your baby in soft, breathable clothing, such as cotton. Avoid wearing wool or synthetic fabrics, as these can irritate the skin. Wash all new clothes with a mild, fragrance-free detergent before wearing them.
Managing Eczema in Babies
Effective management of eczema involves a combination of skin care practices and lifestyle modifications:
, Maintaining a regular skin care routine: Consistent skin care, including gentle cleansing and frequent moisturising, is essential for managing eczema. Colloidal oatmeal-based moisturisers help soothe and nourish the skin and are clinically proven to provide relief from dryness, itching and discomfort to baby’s sensitive skin.
, Avoiding triggers: Identify and avoid potential triggers, such as certain foods, dust, pollen, pet dander, and harsh soaps. Keep the child’s environment clean and free of allergens.
, Maintaining humidity levels: During winter, using a humidifier can help maintain adequate moisture levels in the air, preventing the baby’s skin from becoming too dry.
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Preventing skin scratching: Trim your child’s nails regularly to prevent them from scratching the affected areas, as this can lead to further irritation or infection. Consider using soft gloves to prevent scratching at night.
Using oat-based moisturizers: Use emollients containing ceramides, lipids, and natural colloidal oatmeal as recommended by pediatricians and dermatologists. These ingredients help restore and protect the skin barrier, reduce water loss, and relieve itching. A recent study reported a reduction in the incidence and severity of AD if a special oat-based emollient is used from birth.
1% Colloidal Oatmeal Cream is clinically effective for the management of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis by strengthening the skin’s moisture barrier, soothe irritated skin, and help maintain the skin’s microbiome balance. There is significant scientific evidence that highlights the moisturizing properties of colloidal oatmeal, making it the only over-the-counter skin protectant ingredient approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the management of eczema.
Medical advice: If your child’s eczema persists, or there are signs of infection (e.g., oozing, scaling, or increased redness), always consult a pediatrician or dermatologist. They can provide personalized advice and recommend stronger medications or alternative treatments.
Eczema is a challenging condition that can affect the quality of life for both the child and the parent. By understanding the causes, taking proactive steps to manage the condition, and following an appropriate treatment plan, parents can effectively care for their child’s sensitive skin. Always consult healthcare professionals for guidance tailored to your child’s specific needs.
(Dr. Preeti Thakor, Head of Medical Safety Science – India, Restorative & Digestive Health – APAC, Kenview)
